Adjuvant Application in Viral Infection
|
Application
| Vaccine Formulation (F) / Vaccination Protocol (P)
| PMID
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: S1 protein was mixed with AddaS03™ adjuvant.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine on days 0, 14, and 28, separately.
| 34226895
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: Recombinant RBD was mixed with AddaS03™ with 1:1 ratio.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine at hind legs on days 0, 14, and 42.
| 34481699
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: A mixture of 5μg RBD and 5μg S1 or 5μg RBD-Fc was diluted and mixed with an equal volume of AddaS03™ at total 50μl/dose, or with an equal volume of AddaVax™ at total 100μl/dose, or with 100μg Alhydrogel® adjuvant 2%.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine and were boosted with the same vaccine at 2 or 3 weeks.
| 34579194
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg RBD or Spicke protein were mixed with 25μl AddaS03™ or 50μl Alhydrogel® adjuvant 2%.
P: Mice were vaccinated via subcutaneous injections into the front two hocks on days 0 and 21.
| 34634664
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg Spike protein or 20μg RBD were emulsified with AddaS03™.
P: Mice were primed and boosted at 3 weeks intervals with vaccines via intramuscular route.
| 34772941
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: Spike S1 recombinant protein were emulsified with AddaS03™.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injection with vaccines on days of 0, 14, and 28.
| 34952899
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 1μg Flublok vaccine was formulated with AddaVax™, or 1μg Spike protein was formulated with AddaS03™.
P: Mice were intradermally injected with vaccine on day 0 and day 14.
| 35148840
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 20μg RBD and 50μg AddaVax™ or AddaS03™ in 1st inoculation, 10μg RBD and 50μg AddaVax™ or AddaS03™ in 2nd inoculation
P: Mice were intramuscularly inoculated with vaccine on day 0 and 14.
| 35296091
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg RBD or Spicke protein were mixed with adjuvant of 5μg MPLA and 50μl Alhydrogel® adjuvant 2%, or with 25μl AddaS03™, or with 20μg ODN 1826.
P: Mice were intradermal injected in the two forelimbs at 25μl/hock on week 0 and 3.
| 36206332
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 1μg or 3μg spike antigen was mixed with AddaS03™ as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine into the left tibialis anterior muscle on days 0 and 21.
| 36224247
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 0.3, 1, and 3μg SARS-CoV-2 antigens (RBD monomer, spike trimer, or RBD nanoparticles) were mixed with 25μl AddaS03™ or with 50μl AddaVax™.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine in the caudal thigh on day 0 and 14.
| 36788219
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg S1 were mixed with adjuvant AddaS03™ according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccines twice or thrice every 2 weeks.
| 36909295
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 1μg RBD nanoparticles were formulated as a 1:1 ration in AddaVax™ or in AddaS03™.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with 100μl vaccines on day 0 and 21.
| 36943870
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 1 or 3μg antigen was mixed with AddaS03™ as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccines into the left tibiolis anterior muscle on days 0 and 21.
| 37122746
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 280.4μg antigen was mixed with AddaS03™ in a volume of 1:1.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 100μl vaccine using a homologous prime-boost dose, 2 weeks apart.
| 37515173
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 5μg S protein diluted in 25μl PBS was mixed with 25μl Alhydrogel® adjuvant 2%, or with 10μg Quil-A® adjuvant in 25μl, or with 25μl AddaS03™.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine twice, 2 weeks apart.
| 37635002
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg RBD and 10μg nuclear phosphoprotein were mixed with 250μl AddaS03™.
P: 0.5ml vaccine was intramuscularly injected into macaques, hamster, or ferret twice, 21 days apart.
| 38140175
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg RBD was mixed with 5μg 2’3’-c-di-AM(PS)2 (Rp,Rp) VacciGrade™, 2’3’-cGAMP VacciGrade™, or 2’3’-cGAM(PS)2 (Rp/Sp).
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized on days 0, 11, and 21.
| 37324951
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 200μg polypeptides were mixed with 25μg ODN 2395 VacciGrade™.
P: Mice were subcutaneously or intramuscularly injected thrice at days 0, 14, and 28.
| 38628551
|
SARS-CoV-2
| F: 10μg inactivated rabies vector vaccine was formulated with 5μg MPLAs Vaccigrade™ or with 50μl AddaVax™.
P: Hamsters were intramuscularly injected with 100μl vaccine, 50μl per hind leg on days 0 and 28.
| 33765062
|
ZIKA
| F: 10μg DNA was formulated with 20μg Imiquimod VacciGrade™, or 10μg ectodomain or 50μg peptides waere formulated with 500μg Alhydrogel® adjuvant 2% or with 10μg MPLA-SM* VacciGrade™.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized and boosted once at three weeks.
| 33979612
|
Adjuvant의 사용은 백신의 면역반응을 크게 향상시키고 있고, 다양한 질병을 대상으로 하는 치료 전략에서 다양한 범주의 보조제가 연구되고 있습니다.
Alum은 Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis, 인간 유두종 바이러스 및 간염 백신을 포함한 인간 백신에 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 Adjuvant입니다. Invivogen은 Aluminum hygroxide wet gel suspension 형태로 Alum 옵션인 Alhydrogel® Adjuvant 2%를 제공합니다.
그러나 Alum 단독으로는 특정 면역 반응의 유도 및 조절에 충분하지 않으며, 이는 새로운 보조제 및 복합 면역 자극이 필요함을 시사합니다. Croda에서 생산된 GMP grade의 Quil-A® Adjuvant는 다양한 수의학 백신 뿐만 아니라 인간 및 수의학 적용에 대한 면역학 연구에도 사용됩니다. Invivogen은 Croda가 연구 목적으로 생산한 Quil-a® Adjuvant를 제공합니다.
AS03 및 MF59®과 같은 Emulsion도 승인된 많은 백신에 사용되었습니다. 여러가지 Infulenza 백신은 Fluad®, Focetria® 및 Aflunov®와 같은 MF59®를 Adjuvant를 사용했습니다. Invivogen은 MF59®와 유사한 제형의 AddaVax®를 제공합니다.
일부 Influenza 백신은 Pandermrix® 및 Arepandix®와 같은 AS03®을 보조제로 사용했습니다. Invivogen의 AddaS03™ 은 Adjuvant system AS03®과 유사한 제형을 제공합니다.
AS01은 최초의 말라리아 백신인 Mosquirix의 구성 요소이며, 이는 인간 기생충 질환에 승인된 최초의 백신입니다. 이 Adjuvant는 면역 자극제 QS21과 MPL의 조합으로 단일 백신 (대상포진)으로 처음 허가되었습니다. Invivogen은 Agenus/SaponiQx의 독점 Saponin STIMULONTM QS21의 제제인 QS21 Vaccigrade™ 을 제공합니다.
거의 모든 PRR 계열들은 Adjuvant의 잠재적인 표적입니다. Nexavant™ 은 또 다른 TLR3-agonistic adjuvant인 Poly(I:C)의 문제를 성공적으로 극복한 항바이러스 또는 항암 백신의 유망한 Adjuvant입니다.
또 다른 PRR Ligand CpG ODN1018은 허가된 HBV vaccine인 HEPLISAV-B®을 포함하여 승인된 여러 백신의 구성 요소입니다. 다양한 전임상 및 임상 시험에서는 현재 전염병이나 암에 대한 백신 전략에서 OND 1018을 단독 혹은 Alum과 함께 사용하고 있습니다. Invivogen은 in vivo에 적합한 고품질의 Preclinical grade인 OND 1018 Vaccigrade™ 을 제공합니다.
P: Mice were injected at the tibia anterior muscle with 100µl vaccine, 50µl in each of the tibia anterior muscles, at days 0, 21, and 42.
P: Mice were intraperitoneally injected three times at days 0, 14 and 42.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with vaccines at the tail base on weeks 0 and 12
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized twice with 3 weeks between vaccinations.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized twice with vaccine at days 0 and 14.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized with 100µl vaccine 7 days before infection. Pigs were intramuscularly immunized with 1ml vaccine.
P: Mice were injected at the tibia anterior muscle with 100µl vaccine, 50µl in each of the tibia anterior muscle, at days 0, 21, and 42.
P: Mice were intraperitoneally injected three times at days 0, 14 and 42.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with vaccines at the tail base on weeks 0 and 12.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized twice with 3 weeks between vaccinations.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized twice with vaccine at days 0 and 14.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized with 100µl vaccine 7 days before infection. Pigs were intramuscularly immunized with 1ml vaccine.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with vaccines at the base of the tail and boosted again 6 weeks later.
P: Mice were immunized intramuscularly with 40µg DNA at weeks 0, 2 and 4, and subcutaneously with 15µg Env proteins at weeks 8 and 11.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with 100µl vaccines at the tail base, 50µl on each flank,and boosted on days 21 and 42
P: Mice were intramuscularly or intraperitoneally injected with adjuvant one week prior to and at the time of immunization with vaccines.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with 50µl on each side of the base of the tail and boosted 6 wekks post-prime.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with vaccines at days 0 and 28.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with vaccines on each side of the mouse.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine.
P: Mice were intramuscularly or intranasally injected with 50μl vaccines.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 100μl vaccine bilaterally, 50μl/quadricep.
P: Mice were intramuscularly or intranasally injected with 50μl vaccines and voosted at 3 and 6 weeks after prime.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with 100-200μl vaccines at 2 or 4 week intervals.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 20μl vaccine.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized with 50μl vaccine twice with vaccine at days 0 and 21.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine once and again 3 weeks later.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with vaccine twice with a 3-week interval.
P: Piglets were intranasally administered with vaccine and boosted after two weeks.
P: Rabies infected-mice were treated intramuscularly at the same site of virus inoculation twice at 3h and 12h post infection.
P: Mice were intramuscularly with 100μl vaccine.
P: Mice were intramuscularly primed with vaccine at day 0 and boosted at day 14.
P: Mice were primed by intranasal administration and boosted 5-6 days later.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine on days 0, 14, and 28, separately.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine at hind legs on days 0, 14, and 42.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine and were boosted with the same vaccine at 2 or 3 weeks.
P: Mice were vaccinated via subcutaneous injections into the front two hocks on days 0 and 21.
P: Mice were primed and boosted at 3 weeks intervals with vaccines via intramuscular route.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injection with vaccines on days of 0, 14, and 28.
P: Mice were intradermally injected with vaccine on day 0 and day 14.
P: Mice were intramuscularly inoculated with vaccine on day 0 and 14.
P: Mice were intradermal injected in the two forelimbs at 25μl/hock on week 0 and 3.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine into the left tibialis anterior muscle on days 0 and 21.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccine in the caudal thigh on day 0 and 14.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccines twice or thrice every 2 weeks.
P: Mice were subcutaneously injected with 100μl vaccines on day 0 and 21.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50μl vaccines into the left tibiolis anterior muscle on days 0 and 21.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with 100μl vaccine using a homologous prime-boost dose, 2 weeks apart.
P: Mice were intramuscularly injected with vaccine twice, 2 weeks apart.
P: 0.5ml vaccine was intramuscularly injected into macaques, hamster, or ferret twice, 21 days apart.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized on days 0, 11, and 21.
P: Mice were subcutaneously or intramuscularly injected thrice at days 0, 14, and 28.
P: Hamsters were intramuscularly injected with 100μl vaccine, 50μl per hind leg on days 0 and 28.
P: Mice were intramuscularly immunized and boosted once at three weeks.
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